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The Julian March (Serbo-Croatian, Slovene: ''Julijska krajina'') or Julian Venetia ((イタリア語:Venezia Giulia); ; ; (ドイツ語:Julisch Venetien)), is an area of southeastern Europe, today split among Croatia, Italy, and Slovenia.〔(The New Europe by Bernard Newman, pp. 307, 309 )〕〔(''Contemporary History on Trial: Europe Since 1989 and the Role of the Expert Historian'' by Harriet Jones, Kjell Ostberg, Nico Randeraad ISBN 0-7190-7417-7 p. 155 )〕 ''Julian March'' was coined by the Italian geographer Graziadio Isaia Ascoli in order to present the Austrian Littoral as a unified region and "historic part of Italy", placing emphasis on the Augustan partition of Roman Italy at the beginning of the Empire, when ''Venetia et Histria'' was the ''Regio X'' ("Tenth Region").〔〔(Bernard Newman, ''The New Europe'' ), pp. 307, 309〕 The term was endorsed by Italian irredentists, who sought the annexation of areas where ethnic Italians made up the majority or a substantial share of the population: the Austrian Littoral, Trentino, Fiume, and Dalmatia. The United Kingdom promised to grant these areas to Italy in the break-up of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in exchange for its joining the Allied Powers in World War I. The secret Treaty of London in 1915 promised Italy territories that were mostly populated by Italians, such as Trentino, but also ones that were mostly or exclusively populated by Croats and/or Slovenes; the territory contained approximately 327,000 out of total population of 1.3 million ethnic Slovenes.〔Lipušček, U. (2012) ''Sacro egoismo: Slovenci v krempljih tajnega londonskega pakta 1915'', Cankarjeva založba, Ljubljana. ISBN 978-961-231-871-0〕〔Cresciani, Gianfranco (2004) ("Clash of civilisations" ), ''Italian Historical Society Journal,'' Vol.12, No.2, p.4〕 With the exception of most of Dalmatia, the Treaty of Versailles (1920) after the war mostly granted these areas to Italy. A contemporary Italian autonomous region, bordering on Slovenia, is still named Friuli-Venezia Giulia, literally meaning "Friuli and Julian Venetia".〔("The History of "Venetia Julia" )〕 ==The term's conceptualization== Graziadio Isaia Ascoli, a linguist and amateur geographer motivated by his Italian patriotism, coined the term based on applying the ancient Roman Empire borders of Roman Italy to the 19th-century political geography of the area. He subdivided the ancient Roman region ''Venetia et Histria'' into three new regions: *Euganean Venetia (''Venezia Euganea''), comprising the current Veneto region of Italy and most of the territory of Friuli (roughly corresponding to the current Italian provinces of Udine and Pordenone); *Tridentine Venetia (''Venezia Tridentina''), comprising the current Italian region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol; *Julian Venetia (''Venezia Giulia''), more or less corresponding to the current Italian provinces of Gorizia and Trieste, the Slovenian Littoral and Croatian Istria county, and the town of Fiume. The latter was named after the Julian Alps, forming the new north-eastern border of Italy, limited by the lower flow of the Soča river and the Gulf of Trieste in the west, the Julian Alps in the north and north-east, and Carniola and Liburnia to the east, thus including all of the Kras Plateau and most of the Istrian peninsula. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Julian March」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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